初中英语重点句型、短语中考必背! 2（推荐20篇）

中考英语知识点：五个常用介词短语

up短语：

eatup吃光,吃完

wakeup醒来,叫醒

lookup查阅

endup最终成为

shutup闭嘴

cheerup使高兴起来

callup打电话给

fixup修理

setup设立

pickup接电话

dressup装扮，乔装打扮

takeup开始做，学着做

from短语：

fromnowon从现在起

fromthenon从那时起

getaletterfrom收到某人的来信

farawayfrom远离

frommorningtillnight从早到晚

learnfrom向……学习

hearfrom收到……来信

receivealetterfromsb收到某人的来信

from.....to........从……到……

borrow……from……从……借……

stop…fromdoingsth阻止……干某事

hearfrom收到来信

out短语：

giveout分发

tryout参加选拔，试用

sellout卖光

setout出发

layout摆开，布置

cutout删除

checkout查看，观察

findout查明

hangout闲逛

helpout解决难题，分担工作

away短语：

giveway赠送

rightaway立即，马上

runaway逃跑

throwaway扔掉

down短语：

diedown逐渐变弱

falldown突然倒下，倒塌

turndown拒绝

pulldown拆下

liedown躺下

writedown记下

基式被动句

句型［主语+（特殊定式动词）+be+过去分词…+by+施动者］

1.WehavebeengreatlyencouragedbyLeiFengsexample.

2.Smokingisnotpermittedinthistheatre.3.Howthesteelwastempered?

4.RobertFinnwasdismissedbythebossofthefactory.

5.IfCowperwoodwereconvicted,Stenerneedsmustbe.

6.Thestorywillbecontinuedinournextmonthsissue.

7.Hastheworkbeenfinishedaheadoftime?

[注]阅读时不要把含有by的成语当成施动者，如：byhand（用手）byitself（独自）bystorm（突然）byair（乘飞机）例如："ManyyearsagoagreatcastleinHollandwastakenbystorm.Theenemiesenteredthecastle…"

句型［主语+get+过去分词+其他］

1.Hegotkilledinthewar.2.Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.

3.ThisstoryeventuallygottranslatedintoEnglish.4.Hegotdismissed.5.Hegotplucked.6.Hegotdrownedlastyear.7.Idontwanttogetmixedupwiththepoliceagain.

句型［主语+be+形容词+tobe+过去分词+其他］

1.Sheisboundtobereceivedwarmly.2.Weareliabletobeoverheardhere.

3.Heisnotlikelytohavebeennotifiedaboutit.4.Castironisapttobebroken.

5.Everythingthatisgoodissuretobepraisedandeverythingbadissuretobeexposed.

6.Hewasunluckytobehurt.

句型［主语+谓语+tobe+过去分词+其他］

1.Heseemedtobeshutupinhimselflikeashellfish.2.Isittobesungorsaid?

3."WouldyouliketobetaughtLatin?"-Iasked.

4.Sheaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.

5.Hepreferredtobeassignedsomethingmoredifficulttodo.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词/副词虚助词+by+施动者］

1.Hewasoftenspokenabout.2.Hewaswelllookedafter.3.Thatmancanbereliedupon.

4.ThisideawasputforwardbyMr.Wheatley.5.Childrenarewelltakencareofinthenurseries.

[附注1]表示被动行为的施动者主要用by，但也有用with,不过with已近于表示行为的工具，后面不能接人的名词，如：Iwasmuchimpressedwiththebeautyofthemusic.Heisdeeplyimpressedwithyourgenerousdonation.

Hewaskilledwithabullet.Iwasstruckwithanidea.

[附注2]一般说来，只有当谓语是被动式时，这个句子才可称为被动句，下面的句子含有被动意义的非谓语成分，虽然表达了一定的被动意义，但是不能说是被动句，Shedidntlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.这种被动意义的非谓语成分主要由下了词语表达出来：

1)被动不定式。它可以在句中作主语、定语、复合宾语、状语等。

Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtotakepartinthemeeting.

Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.

2)被动分词在句中作定语、复合宾语等。Hetoldustokeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussed.

Thegoodsorderedlastmonthhavenotarrivedyet.Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.

ThespeechmadebythePrimeMinisteryesterdaydelightedhissupporters.

3)被动动名词。IhadthehonorofbeingelectedHisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtohisuneasiness..

一般祈使句

句型［（呼语），（Dont）动词原形+（宾语）+其他］

1.Study,studyandoncemorestudy.2.Workingmenofallcountries,unite!

3.LearnfromcomradeLeiFeng.4.Dontforgetit.5.Comehere.

6.Stopcryingandwipeawayyourtears.

句型［（Dont）Be+表语+（其他）］

1.Beredandexpert.2.Bebrave,dontbeafraid.3.Dontbeshy!

4.Becareful,whencrossthestreet.5.Beanhonestperson,speakandacthonestly.

3.Dontbeafraid,speakout.

句型［Get+过去分词/副词虚助词+（其他）］

1.Getorganized!2.Getdonewithit.3.Getaway!4.Getalongwithyou.

5.Getoutofhere.6.Getback.

[附注]祈使句一般不用主语，如系多数人而须指示任务时可以有主语，这个主语相当于呼语。如：

1.Youtalk;wehaveheardenoughfromtheothers.

2.Everybodyshuttheireyes.

3.Yousweepthefloor,XiaoWang;youcleanthedesks,XiaoLi,andothersfetchwater.

其次，大人对孩子说话，或含有急躁、厌烦等情绪，也可加主语you

1.Nowyoulistentome.2.Youmustnottalksoloud!

3.Nowyougetabitofpaperandwritedown.4.Yourmindyourownbusiness!

第三，当句中的副词虚助词在句首时，须用主语，如：Inyougo!(=Goin,please.)

强语势祈使句

句型62［（肯定句）Do+动词原形+（其他）］/［(否定句)Never+动词原形+（其他）］

1.Dotellme!2.Dobecareful!3.Docome!4.Dostaywithus!5.Nevertellalie.

6.Neverstandrightinthemiddleofyourwork.

7.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.

句型［No/Noneof+名词！］

1.Nofalsehood!Ourstrengthliesinstatingthetruth.

2.TheKingsaid:"hehasstudiedtoomuch,Nobooksandnoteachersanymore!...

3.Noneofyourlittlegames!4.Noneofyournonsense!5.Noneofyourimpudence

[注1]no是泛指，none所指有一定的范围

[注2]旧时有用forGodssake或forgoodnesssake等来加强语气的。ForGodssakedontfirethatgun!

委婉祈使句

句型［Please+动词原形+（其他）］

1.Pleasepassmethedictionary.2.Lendmeyourknife,please.

3.Dontstandpleaseonceremony.4.Movealong,please.5.Pleasehelpyourself!

[注]文学作品中please可用pray替代，如：1.Praygohome.2.Pray,goonwithyournextstory.

句型［Willyou/Wontyou/Wouldyou+动词原形+（其他）］

1.Willyoucomehere?(=Pleasecomehere.)2.Willyoudothebeds,whileIdothewindows?

3.Helpmewiththisluggage,willyou?4.Wontyoustayalittlelonger?

5.Wontyouhavesomemore?6."Wouldyoudomeafavor?"-"Why,ofcourse."

7.Wouldyoulikeanotherdrink?8.Wouldyoukindlyshowmetheway?

[注]疑问句的祈使句还有could,can,may,might,如：Couldyoulendmefiveshillingsuntiltomorrow?

Might(May)Iborrowyourpen(for)amoment?

句型［Wouldyoumind(not)+动名词+（其他）］/［Doyoumind(not)+动名词+（其他）］

1."Would(或Do)youmindlendingmeyourdictionary?"-"Certainlynot."

2.Wouldyoumindbeinghereatnineoclock?

3."Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?"-"Oh,no,please."

4.Doyoumindnotsmokinginthedining-room,please?

句型［Whatabout+动名词+（其他）］/［Howabout+动名词+（其他）］

1.Whataboutstartingworktomorrow?2.Whataboutgoingoutforawalk?

3.Howabouttryingtodoitmyway?

句型［Be+sogood/kindas+不定式+（其他）］/［Be+good/kindenough+不定式+（其他）］

1.Besogoodastocomeandjoinusat5oclock.

2.Besokindas(=kindenough)toshutthedoor.

3.Begoodenoughtoletmeknowwhenyouwillreturnfromyourholiday.

4.BekindenoughtocomeandhelpmetostudyEnglish.

[注1]句型60,61可与本句型结合使用，如：1.Willyoubebackearlythisevening,please?2.Willyoubekindenough/sokindastoclosethedoor?3.Wouldyoubesogoodastoposttheletterforme?

[注2]有时可以在这些句型前加上just,使语气更缓和，如：Justlistentoher,please!Justshutthedoor,willyou?

建议祈使句

句型［Letus/Lets或Let+第三人称宾语+动词原形+其他］

1.Letusknowthetimeofyourarrival.2.Oh,doletusbefriends.

3."Letsgo."-"yes,letsgo."4.Letsstartearly,shallwe?

5."Shallhecomein?"-"lethimwait!"6.Lethimhavehissay.

7."NatureandNatureslawslayhidinnight,godsaidLetNewtonbeandallwaslight.

[注]let可用于句型55，如：Letmesee."Letmealone.""Pleaseletmeintothehouse."

句型［Let+宾语+not}+动词原形+其他］［Dontlet+宾语+动词原形+其他］

1.Letusnotgo.2.Letsnotwasteouttimearguingaboutit.3.Letsnotdiscussitinclass.

4.Dontletthefireout.5.Dontletthechildrencomeneartheedge.

6.Pray(please)dontletusbesplittinghairs…,ortherellneverbeanendofthecause.

[注1]古英语中可采用"Letnot+宾语…"的形式，如：1.Letnotsuccesselateyou.(=youshouldnotbeelatedbysuccess.)2.Letnotfailuredejectyou

[注2]以上三种否定式不可用于间接引语中，如：（误）Tellhimdontletthefireout.

（误）Tellhimletthefirenotout.（误）Tellhimletnotthefireout.（正）Tellhimnottoletthefireout.

句型［Suppose/Supposing+主语+谓语（动词原形、过去时）+其他］

1.Supposeyouringmeup.2.Supposingwegoforaswim.

3.Suppose(Supposing)wetrytodoitmyway.4.Supposingwelooked(look)himuptoday.

句型［主语+hadbetter+动词原形+其他］

1.Wedbetterstartearly.(=Itwouldbebetterforustostartearly.)

2.Youdbetterdoasthedoctorsaysandstayinbed.

3.Youhadbettergotothefieldsandhavealook.4.Hadntyoubettertakeanumbrella?

[注]相当于本句型的还有以下二式：1."…wouldbewell+不定式…"Itwouldbewelltostartearly.

2."…mayaswell+原形动词…"Wemayaswellgo.

[附注]建议祈使句还可以用以下动词来表达

1）allow,如：Allowme,Sir,tointroduceyoutomyfellow-travelers.

Prayallowmetodetainyouforamoment..

2)permit,多用于正式场合，如：Permitmetoexplainfurther.

Pleasepermitme,onbehalfofourschool,toextendmyheartfeltgreetingstoyou.

其次，也可用陈述句来表达这种概念。如：Youhavetoknockbeforeyouentermyroom.

1.Youarenottocomeintomyroomwithoutknocking.

2.Yououghttoshowhonortoyourteachers.3.WeshouldbethemastersofScience.

4.Youaretowriteyournameatthetopofeachsheetofpaper.

祝愿句

句型［Longlive+第三人称主语］

1.Longliveoursocialistmotherland.

2.Longlivethegreat,gloriousandcorrectCommunistPartyofChina.

句型［May+第二、三人称主语+动词原形+其他］

1.Mayyoureturnsoon!2.Mayheneverrepentthisact!

3.Mayyousucceedinbuildingupastrongandprosperouscountry!

4.Mayourtwopeoplesachieveevengreatersuccessesinoursocialistconstruction!

[注]句型69，70可结合使用。如：Longmayshelivetoenjoyhergoodfortune!

有时可用might代替may,如：Rathermighttheyliveinfriendshipforthefuture!

句型［（祝愿内容）名词+to+名词或代词（被祝愿对象）］

1.Eternalglorytothepeoplesheroes!2.Solutetoyou!3.Successtoyou!

4.Alonglifetoyou!5.Atoasttoourfriendship!6.Ahappyjourneytoyou!7.Goodlucktoyou!

句型［Ifonly/But+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他］

1.IfonlyMarxwerestillbymysidetoseethiswithhisowneyes!

2.IfonlyIhadknownthenwhatIknewlongafterwards!

3.Ah,ifonlyithadlifeandmovement!4.IfIcouldonlygetsomethingtodo.

句型［Oh/O/Ah）名词+that+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他］［Oh/O/Ah）名词+tobe+表语+其他］

［Oh/O/Ah）名词+虚拟式谓语+主语+其他］

1.Oh!Thatshecouldcomebacktolifeagain!2.Othathewerealiveandcouldseethefruitsofhislabor.

3.Ah,thatIhadbutknown!4.OthatIhadlistenedtohim!5.Oh,tobeinEnglandnowthatAprilsthere!6.Otobeaboyagain!7.Owereheonlyhere!8.OhadIwings!

句型［Be+主语+表语+其他］/［表语+Be+主语+其他］

1.Behisbannerunconquered,resistlesshisspear.

2.Beoursahappymeeting!3.Lightbeherheartandgayhermerryeyes!

4.Sobeit!(=Somayitbe!=Beitso!)

5."GoodfriendforJesussake,forbear

Todigthedustenclosedhere,

Blessedbehethatsparesthesestones

Andcurstbehethatmovesmybones."(EpitaphwrittenbyShakespeare)

句型［Would(that)+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他］

1.Would(that)itwereotherwise!2.Wouldthattheyweresafehomeagain!

3.Wouldyouwerewithus!(=Iwishyouwerewithus!)4.WouldIwereascientist!

5.Would(that)Iwereyoungagain.6.WouldIwereasstrongasyou.

[注]口语中还有各种表示祝愿的说法，如：Goodmorning!AHappyNewYear!AHappyHoliday!Happyjourney!Manyhappyreturns(oftheday)!Goodluckineverything!Mybestwishestoyou!

揭示句

句型[No+动名词或名词！］/[(修饰语)+名词]

1.NoSmoking!2.NoParkingHere!3.NoScribbling(onthewall)!4.NoPassage!

2.NoAdmittance!6.NoAdmittanceexceptonbusiness.7.NoSpitting!8.NoTalking!

9.NoThoroughfare.10.NoBill(或PostNoBill).11.NottoBeTakenAway!

12.Order!13.Interval-10Min.14.TheEnd.15.NightBell.16.Holiday.

17.Poison!18.Danger!19.HighTension!20.Attention!(或Lookout!)

[注]这种句型还可以用副词，形容词，分词，动词，词组或句子来表达，如：Slow;KeepRight;

Handsoff;WetPaint;BewareofFire;Upstairs;Downstairs;Push;Pull;ChildrennotAllowed;Engaged;Full,AllFull;Timesover;Entrance;Exit;Wayout等。

口号口令式祈使句

句型［副词虚助词+with+名词（或代词）］

1.Downwiththeslavementality!Burydogmatism!

2.Awaywithsuperstitionandemancipatethemind.

3.Downwiththelandlords!4.Upwiththepoor!5.Upwithit!6.Inwithyou!7.Outwithit!

8.Offwithyourhat.9.Offwiththeirheads!10.Onwithyourshoes!

句型［名词+副词虚助词！］［副词或比较级副词！］

1.Handsup!2.Handsoff!3.Skatesoff!4.Forwardtonewvictories!5.Louder!6.Higher!

7."Forward,men,forward"criesPakenham.8."Away!-away!"criedshewildly.

1.Therebe结构

a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解释为“有”但是与therebe有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.

b.Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

c.Thereisarivernearourschool.

否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.

问：Istherearivernearourschool.

回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.

划⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?

⑵What’snearourschool?

d.therebe结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：thereisgoingtobe

e.反意疑问句的构成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?

①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.

A.haveB.watchC.beD.play

②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.

A.beB.haveC.beonD.on

2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。

a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。

eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.

SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.

b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。

eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.

NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.

c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。

eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.

B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.

3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。

⑴It’stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)

⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了

4.祈使句+and(那么)...

eg.Gostraightonandyou’llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you’llseeaschool.

5.祈使句+or...否则...

eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.

=Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheother.

6.The+比较级...，the+比较级...越...越...

eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou’llbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)

7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你认为这部电影怎样？)

8.What...dowith...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?

虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.

eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?

B:I’vejustreturnedittothelibrary.

9.Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办？

Idon’tknowhowtodo.×10.What...belike?...是什么样的？

eg.⑴What’stheweatherlike?天气如何？

⑵What’syourschoollike?你们学校是什么样的？

11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？

eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?

12.oneof+最高级＋复数最...之一

eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.

13.findit+形容词+todo

eg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)

find+宾语+名词eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)

find+宾语+形容词eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我发现门开/关着)

Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)

14.Idon’tthink+肯定句我想...不

eg.Idon’tthinkI’lltakeit.(我想我不买它了)

请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。

15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.

eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken

中考英语句型转换解析分类汇编：同义型句型转换

同义型句型转换

同义型句型转换即是用另一种方式来表述与原句相同的句意，也称作同义句转换，主要考查学生对句型及词汇的掌握情况。

【真题引导1】

Ipreferwalkingtheretogoingbybus.

Iprefertowalkthere___bybus.

【答案与解析】

该题考查prefer...to...与prefer...ratherthan...这两个句型的转换。前者后接动词时用V.+ing形式，而后者则接不定式，并且ratherthan后的不定式符号要省略。答案：ratherthango。

中考英语知识点：重点动词词组整理unit3

【一】

1)letsdosth

2)Cantstand+doing不能忍受做某事

3)Mind+doing介意做某事

4)Followthestory

5)Expect(sb)todosth

6)Hopetodosth

7)Wish(sb)todosth

8)Plantodosth

9)Learnfrom/learntodosth

10)Comeout出版

11)Inthe1990s=inthe19thcentury

12)Bereadytodosth准备做某事

13)Facethedanger面对危险

14)Befamousfor因....而出名befamousas作为...而出名

15)Loseoneshome失去家园

16)Doagoodjob干得好

17)Dressuplike/as装扮成

18)Takeonesplace取代某人的位子

【二】

1）keepondoing继续做某事

2）Takeactinglessons

3）Atanuniversity

4）Sendsbto

5）Improveourlife提高我们的生活

6）Physicalhealth身体健康

7）Havetodowith和...有关havenothingwith....与....无关

8）Takeup喜欢

9）Promiseoneself承诺自己

10）Beabletodosth能够做某事

11）Forthisreason就这个原因而言

12）Makepromise承诺

13）.thecomingyear来年

14）getalotofexercise多锻炼

15）writedown写下；记下

16）physicalhealth身体健康

17）.studymedicineatauniversity在大学学医

18）takemedicine.吃药

19）NewYearsresolutions新年的决心

20）eathealthierfood吃更健康的食物

21）practicedoing练习做finishdoing完成

22）makethesoccerteam组建足球队makesbdo/adj./n.

23）acookingschool一所厨师学校

24）anotherforeignlanguage另一门外语

25）atthebeginningof…在…开始时

26）Moveto搬家，移动

中考英语知识点：by、with短语

by短语：

leaveonebyoneself把某人单独留下

allbyoneself独立,单独

bymistake错误地

dropby顺便拜访

bythetime在….之前

bytheendof在….以前

goby逝去

with短语：

takesth.withsb.某人随身带着某物

quarrel/arguewithsb与某人吵架

withthehelpof…在……的帮助下

withonesowneyes亲眼看见

deal/dowith处臵，对待

besatisfiedwithsth.对某事感到满意

catchupwith跟上，赶上

havenothingtodowith与……无关

bebusywith忙于…

bestrictwith对……严格要求

becoveredwith被……所遮盖

bepleasedwith对……感到满意

behappywith对……感到高兴

helpsbwith帮助某人做某事

befilledwith充满

fightwith与……并肩战斗

sharesthwithsb和某人分享某物

connectwith连接

playwith和……玩

staywith和……呆在一起

agreewith同意

alongwith沿着

withone’shelp在某人的帮助之

keepintouchwithsb与某人保持联系

tostartwith期初，开始时

alongwith连同，除….以外还

comeupwith相处

comparewith比较

havetodowith和…有关系

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.

=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.

如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

Thisdone,wewenthome.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。

动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫短语动词。主要有四类：

一、动词+副词

有的一般不跟宾语，如goahead,fallbehind,getup,liedown,goup,runout,givein,stayup等；有的可以跟宾语，如putout,carryout,giveup,wakeup,checkin,eatup,fillin,findout,fixup,handin,mixup,lookup,makeout,turndown,workout等。

注意：宾语是名词时，放在副词前面或后面都可以，但若作宾语的是人称代词时，就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如：

We’vedecidedtoputthemeetingoff(=putoffthemeeting).我们决定把会议推迟。

We’vedecidedtoputitoff.我们决定将它推迟。(不说putoffit)

二、动词+介词

如askfor,carefor,callfor,breakinto,dealwith,callon,lookfor等。后面必须接宾语。如：

Idon’tcarefortea.我不喜欢喝茶。

三、动词+副词+介词

如lookforwardto,putupwith,lookedupto,goinfor,goalongwith,datebackto,lookdownon,keepupwith,addupto,runoutof等。如：

Shesooncaughtupwithus.她很快赶上了我们。

四、动词+名词+介词

如takecareof,payattentionto,makeuseof,makecontributionto做出贡献等。如：

TakecareofyourbrotherwhileIamaway.我不在的时候，你要照顾好你弟弟。

中考英语知识点：带/不带to的动词不定式句型

含有不带to的动词不定式句型：

1.hadbetter(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事

2.wouldyouplease(not)dosth你可以做某事吗

3.whynotdosth.为什么不做某事

whydontyoudosth.为什么你不做某事

4.Shallwedosth.我们要做某事吗

5.letsbdosth.让某人做某事

6.makesb.dosth.havesbdosth使某人做某事

7.feelsbdosth感觉某人做某事

含有带to的动词不定式句型

1.Itstimetodosth.该是做某事的时候了

2.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth做某事花了某人时间

3.tell/ask/want/encourage/invite/sb.todosth.告诉、叫、想、鼓励、邀请某人做某事

4.Wouldyouliketodosth.你想做某事吗

5.Itsgood/badtodosth做某事好/不好

6.Itsgood/badforsb.todosth.对某人来说，做某事好/不好

7.be+adj.+enoughtodosth.足够+形容词做某事

8.sb.isreadytodosth.某人准备好做某事

9.Its+adj.+forsb.todosth.做某事对某人+形容词（做这件事对你好）

10.Its+adj.+ofsb.todosth某人做某事+形容词（你做这事真好）

11.wouldlike/love/decide/want/wish/todosth.想、喜欢、决定、想、希望做某事

12.wouldlike/lovesb.todosth.想让某人做某事

13.prefertodoratherthandosth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事

例如：Iprefertoreadratherthanwrite.意思同Ipreferreadingtowriting.又如：Iprefertostayathomeratherthangoout.

再如：prefer=likebetter，即：Ipreferred.=Ilikeredbetter.

14.how/when/where/whethertodosth怎么、什么时候、在哪里、要不要做某事

15.cantwaittodo迫不及待做某事

16.too…todo…太怎么样而不能做某事

17.beafraid/ready/able/suretodo害怕、准备、能够、确定做某事

18.Itstimetodosth到该干某事的时候了

19.Myjobistodosth我的工作是做某事

20.Mydreamistodosth我的梦想是做某事

21.Myhobbyistodosth我的业余爱好是做某事

22.refusetodosth拒绝做某事

23.warnsbtodosth告诫某人做某事

24.pretendtodosth假装做某事

25.teach/learntodosth教做某事、/学习做某事

26.needtodosth需要做某事

27.bewillingtodosth愿意做某事

28..trytodosth努力做某事

29.tryonesbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事

30.agreetodosth同意做某事

31.seemtodosth好像似乎做某事

32.plantodosth/makeaplantodosth计划做某事

33.inordertodosth为了做某事

34.haveachancetodosth有机会做某事

35.findit+adj+forsbtodosth发现做某事是……

36.havesthtodo有某事要做

37.Thereissthforsbtodo对某人来说，有某事要做

38.beanxioustodo渴望做某事

39.affordtodosth支付得起做某事

1.两相关联

句型［…two…:one…,(and)theother…］/［…two…:one…,(and)another…］

1.Therearetwobooksonthetable:oneisChineseandtheother,English.

2.Everytimeyoubreathe,youbreathetwodifferentbreaths.Youtakeinoneandgiveoutanother.

3.Therearethreeballs.Oneisblackandtheothersarewhite.

句型［…one(thing)…,(and/but)…another…］

1.Itisonethingtoflourishandanothertofight.2.Tosayisonething,buttodoisanother.

3.Itisonethingtolearn,andanothertoteach.4.Toknowisonething,topractiseisanother

句型［On(the)onehand,…andontheother(hand)…］

1.Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheother,Iamalsoyourcomradeandfriend.

2.Theyhavebeenblamedononehandandlaudedontheother.

3.Ontheonehand,youshouldntbeshy,ontheotherhand,youmustntforgetyourmanners.

4.Ontheonehand,theremustbegreatenthusiasminwork,andontheother,labormustbealternatedwithrest.

句型［…two(both)…,theone…(and)theother或theformer…(and)thelatter或thefirst…(and)thesecond或that(those)…(and)this(these)…］

1.Ihavetwobrothers,PaulandRichard;theone(theformer)isfifteenandtheother(thelatter)iseleven.

2.Accuracyandexpressivenessarethetworequisitesintranslation;theone(thefirst)istoexpresstheexactthoughtoftheoriginalarticleandtheother(thesecond)istomakethetranslationreadilyunderstood.

3.Todieortoyield?Iprefertheformeralternativetothelatter.

4.InhislecturehedweltespeciallyuponAhQandKongI-ji,pointingoutthatthesecondaswellasthefirstwasatype.

5.Workandplayarebothnecessarytohealth,this(thelatter)givesusrest,andthat(theformer)givesusenergy.

6.Theykeephorsesandcattle,thoseforriding,andtheseforfood.

[注]如果连举三件事物或人，然后加以说明时，可用152句型的扩充式："…three,one(theone)…another(theother/thesecond)…athird(thethird)…"。如：

1.Therearethreepeople.Oneisaworker,anotherisapeasant,andathirdisasoldier.

2.Onceuponatimetherelivedthreepeople:theonewasdeaf,theother(second)wasblind,andthethirdwaslame.

句型［Some…(and)some/others…］

1.Somesayyes,andsomesayno.2.Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.

3.Everyoneofushasanengine,i.e.thebrain,somepeoplecanuseit,andsomepeoplecannot.

4.Afterwefinishschool,someofuswillentertheuniversitiestostudy,someofuswillworkinthefactories;someofuswillgotothecountryside,andsomeofuswillbesoldiersinthearmy.

5.Someareplayinggamesunderabigtree.Somearedancinginaring.Othersarerowingonthelake,andstillothersaresingingontheplayground.

[注]类似本句型的还有：

1)"…partof+名词…,therest(of+名词)如：Thegraduatesofourschoolnumbertwohundredandthirty,partofwhomarestudyingonwhiletherest(remainder)aregoingtothecountrysideorenteringfactories.

2)"…part…part…"如：Athome,IoftenspeakasentencepartinChinesepartinEnglish.

3)"…half…half…"如：Thisalloyishalfcopperhalfsilver.

先后顺序

句型［…first,…,second,…,third,…,lastly,…］［…One,…,Two,…,Three,…,Four,…］

［…first(firstly),…,secondly,…,thirdly,…,lastly,…］

1.Tombrowniswellknowninthiscity.(First)Hehasbeenamemberofthecitycouncilformanyyears.Secondly,andfarmoreimportantly,heisafootballplayerofnationalreputation.

2.First,Iwishbothofyougoodhealth.Second,Iwishbothofyousuccessinyourwork;andthird,Iwishbothofyougoodluckineverything.

3.Whatdoweneedinordertoreallywin?Weneedthreethings:first-arms,second-arms,third-armsandarmsagain.

句型［First/Atfirst/Firstofall…,soon/afterwards…,then/later/lately…,finally/eventually/atlast…］

1.Firstthink,(and)thenspeak.2.Atfirstyoumayfindithard,butitwillsoonbecomeeasy.

3.Ithinkthisfirstdayofourvacationisgoingtobeveryenjoyableforus.Wellprobablyfirstplayagameoftennis.Afterwardswelltakeashower.Thenwelldosomesun-bathingonthebeach.Eventually,welltakeawalkintotown.

4.FirsthegoestoParis,thenhegoestoBrussels,thenhemakesuphismindtogotoParisagain,andthenfinallydecidestocomehome.

5.First,thesensesaretobesettowork;then,memory;and.,atlast,understandingandjudgment.

句型［Tobeginwith/Atthebeginning…,next/secondly/thesecondpoint…,furthermore/moreover…,finally/thefinalpoint/andtoconclude…］

1.Tobeginwith,heistooyoung;secondly,hehasnotfinishedhisstudies.

2.Theycannotagree.Tobeginwith,theyquarrel.Next,theycalleachothernames.Finally,theyfighteachotherwiththeirspears.3.Atthebeginningheshowedsomereluctance,butfinallyconsented.

4.Takingthepictureismainlyaquestionofspeed,firstinselectingthesubject,nextinfocusingthecamera,furthermore,intakingtheactualpictureandfinallyinhandingoutthecard.

[注]这种常见的呼应承接方式：1)开头用语：Tobeginwith,wemaysaythat…Iwanttobeginbysaying…

ThefirstthingIwanttosay…AtfirstIwanttosay…

2)中间承接用语：Next,begtopointoutthat…ThenextpointImustmakeis…Anotherthingis:…

Therestillanotherthing:…Iwanttomakeonemorepoint…

3)结束用语：Iwillsumupbysaying…Iwillconcludebysaying…Thefinalpointis…

ThefinalthingIwanttosayisthis…

修饰限制

句型［…thesame+名词+as/that+从句］

1.Thisisthesamebagas（相似）/that(同一)Ilostyesterday.

2.Isthisthesameasyoushowedmebefore?3.Iamofthesameopinionasyou(areoftheopinion).

4.Heisofaboutthesameageasyou(areoftheage).

5.Thisisthesame(=very)manthatImettheotherday.

6.Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.

7.Thisisbutanexpressionofrevisionism,thesamerevisionismthatLeninfought.

[注]本句型中as有时可以当that用，如：Wedroveoutofthetownbythesameroadaswehadenteredby.

如果thesame表示"同一"时，后接with+名词，如：Icameinthesamebuswithhim.

Theyareinthesameclasswithus.

句型［…such…+名词+as+名词或从句］

1.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.2.IlikesuchfinecityasBeijing.

3.Thiswassuchamereplatitudeasalmosttogowithoutsaying.

4.NowhereintheworldistheresuchaplaceforanidlemanasLondon.

5.ThewavesweresuchasIneversawbefore.

6."…wecantbelieveyou.Thereisnosuchcountryintheworldastheoneyouhavetoldusabout…."

[注]本句型中as不可以用that,which或who取代。如:（错）Donottalkaboutsuchthingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.应说：Donottalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.或Donottalkaboutthosethingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.

句型［…one/he;those/they+who（定语从句）］

1.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.2.Hewhowouldsearchforpearlsmustdivebelow.

3.Theywhoarefullofthemselvesareveryempty.

4.Thereisnoroyalroadtoscience,andonlythosewhodonotdreadthefatiguingclimbofitssteeppathshaveachanceofgainingitsluminoussummits.

5.Thosewhounderstandthisformulaholduptheirhands.

句型［…all+who/that（定语从句）］

1.Irememberedthatallwhotookpartintheeveningdanceforjoy.

2.AllwhomIsawherewerediligentattheirwork.3.Alliswellthatendswell

4.Allthathedoes,hedoesitwell.

5.Allthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,thingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.

[注]英语中有专用以指物的句式，如：Itisthatthat(多用which)Ineed.Thosethatsucceedaremostlycorrect.

句型［Aperson等+who定语从句］

1.Manwhohasasettledpurposewillsurelysucceed.

2.Donotblametheonewhospeaksbutheedwhatyouhear

3.Apersonwhomeetswithdifficultiesmayaskhiscomradesforhelp.

4.PeoplewhoareliberalslookupontheprinciplesofMarxismasabstractdogma.

5.Apersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.

6.Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.

[注]以上句型都含有"条件"意味，不过不能在句子前加if，不然就用条件从句来表示,如:（错）Ifapersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.应说:Ifapersondoesnotdohisduty,hewillnotsucceed.

句型［…theday/time…+when（定语从句）］

1.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredtheuniversity.

2.Thetimewillcomeafterallwhenwearevictorious.

3.Thedaywillcomewhenhistorywillspeak.

4.Hehadseenthedaywhentherewerenomotorcarsontheroads.

5.GoneforeverarethedayswhentheimperialistscoulddoastheypleasedinAsia,AfricaandLatinAmerica.

两相连接

句型［…notonly/notenough/notmerely…+also/butalso(too)/but…(aswell)…］

1.Inotonlyheardit,but(also)Isawit.=Inotonlyheardit,Isawit,too(aswell).=Inotonlyheardit,butsawitaswell.

2.Wevecomealongwaytoyourcountrynotonlytogiveperformances,but,whatsmoreimportant,topromotemutualunderstandingbetweenus.

3.Itisnotonlywhatwedo,butalsowhatwedonotdo,forwhichweareaccountable.

4.Ifyourfriendremindsyoukindlyofyourfaults,takewhathesaysnotmerelypleasantlybutthankfully.

5.Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromtheveteranworkersnotenoughtheirskillbutalsotheirnoblerevolutionaryspiritandgoodproletarianqualities.

[注1]注意本句型中连词所连接的是两个同等成分，连词的位置应摆在两个同等成分的前面。如：

（误）HenotonlyspeaksEnglish,butalsoFrench.（正）HespeaksnotonlyEnglish,butalsoFrench.

[注2]如果本句型中连词所连接的是两个主语，其谓语动词应与靠近的一个名词保持人称和数的一致。如：

Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheirfatherisinthetown.Notonlythemanbut(also)hischildrenareinthetown.

[注3]sofarfrom[不…而…]Sofarfromtheraindoinganygood,itdidagooddealofharm.

句型［…名词A+aswellas+名词B］/［…名词B+and+名词+Aaswell］

1.Heaswellasyouisverydiligent.

2.Youaswellasheareverydiligent.(cf.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisverydiligent.)

3.Thesepillsaregoodtopreventdisease,aswellastocurewhenoneissick.

4.Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.5.TheylearnFrenchaswellasEnglish.

[注1]注意aswellas用在肯定句中与否定句中的含义不同，如：

He,aswellashissister,hasjoinedtheParty.He,aswellashissister,hasnotyetjoinedtheParty.

HehasnotyetjoinedthePartyaswellashissister.（他还没有像他姐姐那样入了党。）

[注2]如果连接的成分较多，还可以将句型166，167结合起来用，如：Thisprojectnotonlyhascomeintofullplayinirrigation,butalsoplayedanimportantpartindevelopingwaterpower,navigationandfisheryaswellasinprovidingindustrialwatersupply.

句型［…both+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］［…atonce+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］

1.BothmywifeandMrs.Bakerareveryfondofmusicandbothplaythepianoverywell.

2.Thebookisalike(=both)agreeableandinstructive.3.Hehasbothabilityandprinciple.

4.Dickenslanguage,atoncerich,colorfulandvaried,islikeafineandsensitivemusicalinstrument.

5.Achildisaresponsibilitybothtoitsparentsandtosociety.

句型［…neither…nor…］

1.Neitheryounorheistoblame.2.Marywasneitherhappy,norwasshesad.

3.Hownicetheweatheris！Itisneitherhotnorcold.

4.Ineitherexpressedsurpriseatthisresolutionnorattemptedtodissuadeherfromit.

[注1]如果连接两个以上的并列成分，可用以下方式：

1)"…neitherA,ＢnorC…"如：Theysparenothing,neithertheirlabor,theirwealthnoreventheirlives.

2)"…neitherA,BnorC,norD…"如：NeitheryounorInoranybodyelsehasseenit.

[注2]诗歌中的"nor…nor…"="neither…nor…"如：Norheavennorearthhavebeenatpeacetonight.

句型174［…either…or…］

1.Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout,dontstandthereinthedoorway.

2.EitherIwillfindaway,orIwillmakeone.3.Itsnottobeforgottenorforgiveneither.

4.Infact,thepoorpeopleinEnglandaregiventhealternative,eithertodieofhungerquicklyoutsidetheworkhouse,ortodieofhungerslowlyinsideit.

[注]本句型可用于否定句,但句型166，168不用于否定句,如:(误)Henotonlydoesntfearhardships,butalsonotfeardeath.(不用于否定句)(误)Hedoesntfearbothhardshipanddeath.(误)Hefearsnotneitherhardship,nordeath.(正)Hefearsneitherhardshipnordeath.Hedoesntfeareitherhardshipordeath.

中考英语知识点：at、off短语

at短语：

attheendof在……的尽头,在……的末尾

attheweekend在周末

laughat嘲笑

atmidnight在半夜

lookat…看

attime时常

smileat朝某人微笑

atmost至多

atahighspeed以很快的速度

atonce立刻

atlast最后

atfirst起先，首先

attheageof…在……岁时

attheendof…在……之末

atthebeginningof…在……之初

atthesametime同时

atnight/noon在夜里/中午

begoodat擅长于

laughat嘲笑

besurprisedat对……感到惊奇/诧异

atleast至少arrivedat到达(小地方)

atdawn在黎明

pointat指着

atalowprice以低价的

atthemoment此时此刻

atthattime在那时

atbirth出生

atthesametime与此同时

athome在家

make…feelathome宾至如归

lookbackat回首往事

off短语：

getoff下车

turnoff关

shutoff关闭

kicksboff开除某人

takeoff脱下，起飞

1．Ithink…意为"我认为……"，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用Idontthink…，

2．givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意为"把……给……"，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用giveit/themtosb.

3．takesb./sth.to…意为"把……(送)带到……"，后常接地点，也可接人。

4．One…,theother…/Oneis…andoneis…意为"一个是……；另一个是……"，必须是两者中。

5．Letsb.dosth.意为"让某人做某事"，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dontletsb，dosth.，或Letsb.notdosth.另外，Lets与Letus的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，

6．helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意为"帮助某人做某事"，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换.

7．Whatabout…？/Howabout…？意为"……怎么样？"是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。

8．Itstimetodo…/Itstimeforsth.意为"该做……的时间了"，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。

9．liketodosth./likedoingsth.意为"喜欢做某事"，前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，

10．asksb.(not)todosth.意为"让某人(不要)做某事"，其中asksb.后应接动词不定式，

11．showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意为"把某物给某人看"，该句型的用法同前面第2点。

12．introducesb.tosb.意为"把某人介绍给另一人"；introducetosb.则是"向某人作介绍"。

Therebe句型：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等，但一般不用have。如：

Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.

Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.

Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

现在有thereis/are…

过去有therewas/were…

将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...

现在已经有therehas/havebeen…

可能有theremightbe...

肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...

过去曾经有thereusedtobe…

似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…

碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…

Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.

Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.

Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.

1.as…as…常构成一些词组：assoonas…(一旦…就…),aswellas…(同样),as+形容词/副词+aspossible(尽可能……地)。如：PleaseringmeupassoonasyougettoBeijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/MissGaohurriedtotheschoolgateasquicklyaspossible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)

[注释]"aslong/muchas+名词"可以表示"长达/多达…"的含义。如：Thehousecostsasmuchasfivehundredthousandyuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/Theystayedinthecave(山洞)aslongastwoweeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。)

2.later、after、ago、before的用法：①"一段时间+later/ago"分别表示"(多久)以后/以前",主要用于过去时态。②"after/before+某个时刻"分别表示"在某时刻之后/之前",此时两个词是介词。③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：Hehadanaccidentaweekago.(一周前出了一个事故)/Someyearslater,theboybecameaveryfamoussinger.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/Haveyoubeentherebefore?(你从前到过那儿吗？)/Afterafewyearshegaveupsmoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)

3.above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低处用over和under.如：Thestarsarehighaboveinthesky.(星星高挂在空中)/Aplaneflewoverquickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)

当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。

4.too、also、either、nor的用法：too("也")用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also("也")用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either("也")用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor("也不")用于倒装句句首；如：AreyouAmerican,too?(你也是美国人吗？)/HeisnothappyandIamnothappy,either.(他不愉快,我也不。)/Hedidntwatchthefootballgame.NordidI.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/Youcanalsofindthemarketisverygood.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。)

5.enough、too、so、very、quite、verymuch的用法：enough("足够,十分")放在形容词或副词之后；too("太")、very("非常")、quite("相当")、so("如此地")等放在形容词或副词之前,verymuch("非常")放在动词之后。如：Itstoo/so/very/quiteexpensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/Idontlikesweetsverymuch.(我不很喜欢糖果)

[注意]very与much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：Heisverystupid.(他很笨)/Thefilmwasverymovingandeveryoneswept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)/Youmustworkmuchharderoryouwillfailtoenterthegoodschool.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)/Idontlikehimmuch.(我不太喜欢他)

6.sometimes、sometime、sometimes、sometime的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、sometimes(数次)表示次数、sometime(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimestheygohikinginthemountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/Iwillstayheresometime.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/Iwillmeetyourfathersometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)

7.how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what.如：Whatafineday(itis)today!(今天天气真好！)/Howdifficult(theproblemis)!((问题)真难呀！)

8.already、yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Haveyoudoneitalready?(你已经做好了？)/Ihavenothadmybreakfastyet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。)

9.hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是："努力地,猛烈地",hardly是否定词,意思是："几乎不",一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：TheystudyEnglishveryhard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/Youcanhardlyseeapersonspitinapublicplace.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)

10.like...verymuch、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三个短语分别表示"非常喜欢"、"更喜欢"、"最喜欢"。如：Ilikebaseballverymuch.(我非常喜欢棒球)/Doyoulikebutterbetterthancheese?(/Theylikehamburgersbest.

11."quite/what+a+形容词+名词"的用法：记住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容词+名词;②too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;③rather+a+形容词+名词=a+rather+形容词+名词。如：Ihaveneverseensuchastrangeguy(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙)/Itisquiteanicedayforawalk.(这真是散步的好日子)

12.how的几个短语：howoften"多常,每隔多久",用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问；howsoon"多久以后",用于将来时态；howlong"多久",用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；howmanytimes"多少次",用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问；howmuch"多么,多少",对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?(你这样已经多久了？)/Howoftendoeshewashhisface?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？)

13.much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词,much表示"很",修饰原级形/副,more表示"更"用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示"最"用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如：Thisparkismuchmorebeautifulthanthatone.(这个公园比那个漂亮多了)/ItisthemostinstructivefilmIhaveeverseen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影)

14.nomore、nolonger、not...anymore、no...anylonger的用法：表示时间,可以用nolonger、not...nymore、no...anylonger,而且nolonger只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用nomore、not...anymore.如：Henolongerlivedthere.(他不再住在那里)/Tomwantednomorecakes.(他不想再要蛋糕)/Hedidntsmokeanymore/longer.(他不再抽烟)

15.被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如：Therunnerwasbadlyhurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤)/Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldtoday.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛)

16.too...to...与so...that...的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too...to...("太.……以致不……")是否定的结构,用于简单句；so...that...("如此…以致…")是肯定结构,用于复合句。如：Thechildistooyoungtojointhearmy.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)/Heissostrongthathecanlifttheheavybox.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。)

17.既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early,late,long,last,next,first,near,enough,much,all,hard,alone,fast,slow,high,low,straight等等。如：Itwasalongholiday.(那是个长假)/Hestayedthereverylong.(他在那儿呆了好久)/Thinkhardthenyouwillfindaway.(好好想你就会找到办法)/Heisaveryhard(难对付的)person.(他是个难玩的家伙)

18.farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为"更远、较远",但是further还表示"更多、进一步、额外"等意思,此时不能换为farther.如：Theydecidedtogofarther/furtherthenextday.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)/Thisproblemwillbefurtherdiscussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)/Everyoneofthemhadtheirfurtherstudiesaftertheyleftcollege.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修)

19.rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示"不到最高程度但是比预料的好",rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对"nice"程度的描绘：

notnice(fairly)nicequiteniceratherniceverynice

如：Itsquiteanicefilm.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)/Itsratheranicefilm.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)

[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。

20.maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe"可能、也许",比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly"可能地、或者、也许",可能性较大,在否定句和疑问句中表示"无论如何"；perhaps"可能",较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：Youcouldputitoverthere,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边)/Icouldntpossiblyhavefinishedsuchalongbookinsuchashorttime.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/Ithoughtperhapsitwastheletteryouhavebeenexpecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)

21.most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是"大多数的、大部分的",作为副词时意思为"最,十分、很"；mostly仅为副词,意思为"主要地、多半地、大部分地"。如：IwasathomemostofthetimewhenIwasfree.(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Mostchildrenarenaughty.(大部分的孩子都淘气)/Thisisthemostexcitingpartofthefilm.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)/SheismostlyoutonSundays.(星期天她一般不在家)

22.(be)worth、(be)worthyof的区别：worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰；worthyof表示"值得的、配得上的",后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：Whatisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做)./Thehouseisworth￥300,000.(房子价值30万元)/Thisbookiswellworthreadingseveraltimes.(这本书值得好好读几遍)/Itisathingworthyofbeingseen.(这是一个值得看的东西)

23.almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近,都表示"几乎、将近",大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly.almostno相当于hardlyany(几乎没有)。如：Hehaddonealmostnothingtoday.(他今天几乎没有干什么)/Wearealmost/nearlythere.(我们几乎就到那里了)/Almostnobody/Hardlyanybodyunderstoodhiswords.(几乎没有人懂他的话)

24.abit与alittle的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。如：Thisdigitalcameraisabit(alittle)expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵)/Itisalittle(abit)colderthanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷了点)

另外,alittle可以直接加不可数名词,abit则采用"abit+of+名词(不可数或可数名词复数)"的形式。如：Ihavegotabitofacold.(我有点感冒)/Goandgetalittlewaterforme,please.(请你去给我搞点水来)

[注意]notabit(=notatall)意为"根本不",而notalittle则意为"非常,不是一点"。

形容词的常用句型

1.Its+形容词+of+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"某人(做某事)……"。常用形容词有：good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right,wrong等，来说明"人"的性质或特征。

Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮助我真是太好了。

Itsfoolishofyoutomakesuchmistake.你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。

2.Its+形容词+for+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"做某事对某人来说……"。常用形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。

Itisimpossibleforachildtoanswerthequestion.小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。

Itsdangerousforyoutoswimalone.你自己一个人去游泳很危险。

3.主语+be动词+形容词+动词不定式

这一句型常用表示感情或情绪的形容词，如：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,thankful等以及表示能力和意志的形容词，如:ready,able,sure,certain等。

Imverysorrytohearthenews.听到这个消息我很难过。

Imgladtoseeyou.见到你我很高兴。

ComradeLeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.雷锋同志总是乐于帮助别人。

Tomissure/certaintocome.汤姆一定会来。

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.

=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.

典型例题

Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。

A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

注意:

1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题：

当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制

Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.

(hand前不能加his)。

2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。

Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.

典型例题：

Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.

Apermitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting

答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

表示“据说”的三类被动句型

(1)Itissaidthat…句式

Itissaidthathonestyisthebestpolicy.人们说诚实是上策。

Itissaidthatthirteenisanunluckynumber.据说13是一个不吉利的数字。

Itissaidthatthosewhoeatthemostaretheleasthealthy.据说吃得最多的人身体最差。

注：其他类似结构还有：

It’ssupposedtobeverygood.据说它质量很好。

It’sexpectedthatthewarwouldendsoon.预计战争不久即可结束。

Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。

(2)Thereissaidthat…句式

Thereissaidtobeplentyofoiloffourcoast.据信我们近海有大量石油。

注：其他类似表达还有：

Thereissupposedtobeatrainat9:30.九点半应有一班火车。

Thereareknowntobethousandsofdifferentspeciesofbeetles.据了解，有成千上万种不同的甲虫。

(3)sb/sthissaidthat…句式：其意为“据说”，

Mr.Brownissaidtohavediedoflivercancer.据说布朗先生死于肝癌。

注：其他类似表达还有：

Thestrikeisexpectedtoendsoon.估计罢工不久就可结束。

Heisbelievedtohavealreadygotoutofthecountry.据信他已离开这个国家。

中考英语知识点：on、to短语

on短语：

turnon打开，旋开（收音机、电灯、煤气等）

workon从事于，致力于

ononeswayto在……途中

geton上车

ontime按时

puton穿上，增重

behardonsb对某人苛刻

onceupon从前

ontheonehand,onetheotherhand一方面，另一方面

to短语：

agreeto同意，答应，接受（计划、建议、条件、安排等）

gotobed上床睡觉

compare...to...把……与……作比较

from...to...从……到……getto到达

doharmto对……有害处

leadto通往；导致payattentionto注意

toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是

take...to...把……带到/给……

writeto...写信给……

makeone’swayto…往……（艰难地）走去

listento…听……

welcometo…欢迎到……

beharmfulto对…有害

sayhelloto…向……问好

speakto…对……说话

gotowork/class去上学

putsthtogooduse好好利用某物

bethankfultosb对某人心存感激

toone’ssurprise出乎某人意料

beusedto习惯于usedto曾经

inorderto为了

tobehonest实话说

closeto几乎，接近

besimilarto和…相似

beupto由….决定

bereadyto准备好做

gotoadoctor看医生

lookforwardto期望

keep…tooneself保密

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中考英语知识点：副词（短语）

副词（短语），特别是地点和时间副词（短语），可以放在表示“存在”、“出现”、“发生”等的不及物动词前面，而主语（第一次出现的东西或加以强调的东西）放在后面：地点副词（短语）：

Attheendofthewoodstoodachurch．

Bythefrontdoorenteredthreesoldiers．

Inthisbeautifulpalacelivedakingandhisdaughter．

Allaroundthehousegrewmillionsofflowers．

Onthegrass（there）layashepherd．（在状语和不及物动词之间可以加there，也可不加。）

Bytheriver（there）hasapagoda（短的主语）stoodfor101years．

Bytheriver（there）hasstoodapagodaashighas30meters．

Therehappenedanaccidentinthiscity．（这里的there不可省略）

时间副词（短语）：

Soonafterthisomenbeganarevolt．

Atlastcametheweddingday．

In1952wasbornoneofmydaughters．

WhenfatherreturnedfromFrance，therehappened（ortookplace）somethingstrange．（带有状语从句）

Justastheydrankmerrily，therecameaterribleknockatthedoor．

如果句子主语很长，可以放在不及物动词后面，而把副词（短语）放在动词前面：

Inallhersplendourappearedthebridefollowedbytwoprettychildren．

Forthesakeofjusticediedhundredsofpeoplewhomadeapeacefulprotest．

Insuchsurroundingstherewasborn（=appeared）amanofextraordinaryability，destinedtosavehisnation．

（被动语态的动词在语法上相当于一个不及物动词）

Inherhandswasplacedallhisbeingandallhishappiness．

Therewastakentothemayoramanonehundredandtwentyyearsofageandstillingoodhealth．